WATER SATURATION

1. Water Saturation from Archie

Maxwell (1873):

$log k=P+Q.\phi$

Tortuosity (k): Conductivity of the medium (Co): Conductivity of the electrolyte (Cw): Proportion of the medium that is occupied by the electrolyte (Φ):

or:

$log k=P+Q.log\phi$

Permeability (k): P constant (P): Q constant (Q): Porosity (Φ):

2. Permeability from Flow Zone Indicator

Kozeny-Carman Equation:

$k=\frac{\phi^{3}}{(1-\phi)^{3}}\left[\frac{1}{F_{s}.\tau^{2}.S^{2}}\right]$

Permeability (k): Porosity (Φ): Shape factor of the tube (Fs): Tortuosity of the tube (τ): Specific surface area (S):

Reservoir Quality Index:

$RQI=0.0314.\sqrt{\frac{k}{\phi}}$

Reservoir Quality Index (RQI): Permeability (k): Porosity (Φ):

Pore Volume to Grain Volum Ratio:

$\phi _{Z}=(\frac{\phi}{1-\phi})$

ΦZ: Φ:

Flow Zone Indicator:

$FZI=\frac{1}{\sqrt{F_{s}}.\tau.S}$

Flow Zone Indicator (FZI): Shape factor of the tube (Fs): Tortuosity of the tube (τ): Specific surface area (S):

Flow Zone Indicator by Amafeule et al. (1993):

$FZI=\frac{RQI}{\phi _{Z}}$

Flow Zone Indicator (FZI): Reservoir Quality Index (RQI): ΦZ:

Permeability:

$k=1014.(FZI)^{2}.\left(\frac{\phi^{3}}{(1-\phi)^{2}}\right)$

Permeability (k): Flow Zone Indicator (FZI): Porosity (Φ):

3. Permeability from Porosity and Irreducible water saturation

Wyllie and Rose (1950):

$k=\frac{P.\phi^{Q}}{Swi^{R}}$

Permeability (k): P constant (P): Porosity (Φ): Q constant (Q): Irreducible water saturation (Swi): R:

Timur (1968):

$k=\frac{0.136.\phi^{4.4}}{Swi^{2}}$

Permeability (k): Porosity (Φ): Irreducible water saturation (Swi):

4. Permeability from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Schlumberger-Doll Research (SDR):

$k=a.T_{2gm}^{2}.\phi^{4}$

Permeability (k): Formation scaling parameter (a): Principal pore radius (T2gm): Porosity (Φ):

Coates et.al (1991):

$k=(\frac{\phi _{NMR}}{C})^{a}.(\frac{FFI}{BVI})^{b}$

Permeability (k): NMR effective porosity (ΦNMR): FFI: BVI:

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